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El Embudo
"The Funnel"
funnel
Photographs by
Jorge Sáenz
 
Camilo Soares, a leader in the Paraguayan youth movement and an Ashoka Fellow, launched Casa de la Juventud in 1994 to create a space for youth to gather and exchange ideas, art, and information freely; facilitate training of youth in leadership skills; and communicate the work of Paraguay's youth groups to the world. Today, Casa de la Juventud, is recognized nationally as a resource center for self-organized activities and initiatives of Paraguayuan youth.

In 1998, La Casa launched the publication of the book El Embudo, which focuses on the experiences and serious problems facing boys and adolescents in prison. Excerpts from El Embudo are presented here. This is a clandestine book, assembled over two years. It documents, through secret interviews and hidden-camera photographs, the abuse and neglect of kids in juvenile prisons.

"We started to look at the rural youth who come to the city, face miserable conditions, have no work and enter into prostitution or delinquency," explained Soares. "We're trying to stimulate a discussion on the concepts of justice – and how our society condones its own wrong doings."

El Embudo contains photographs and poetry by the boys themselves. It serves as both a photo exhibition and a work of drama in that the poems and images create a striking narrative.

According to Camilo, the aim of the work is to demystify the image of the "bad" or "evil" prisoner youth. It tries to demonstrate how our society, faced with so many problems, seeks out its scapegoats in order to justify itself, instead of attacking the problems at the heart.

"Our societies do what the classic movies do," Camilo said. "They make everything black or white, good or bad. In reality, though, it is not the 'delinquents' who are the victimizers, but rather the victims of a societal model that excludes and marginalizes them."

El Embudo currently is being exhibited around the country. Four European expositions are slated for Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and France.

From El Embudo:     (en español)
The vengeful society

Prison, as it exists now, is nothing more than a punishment and arbitrary imposition that does not seek to facilitate learning in any way. It has as its only objective that the prisoners suffer, feel bad, and experience humiliation. It constitutes nothing more than a reprisal.

To imprison someone in the Panchito Lopez Prison (before it was called Ambush, and later, who knows what other sinister name...) is, definitively, an act of vengeance that society commits against those that cannot respond to this punishment.

They, the precocious prisoners, do nothing more than satisfy one social group's need for vengeance; that must exorcise its profoundest demons in order to sleep more peacefully each night. Because society is afraid. And very rancorous. But very rarely is this vengeful anxiety directed towards the cause of its ills. Most of the time, these sadistic exercises of destruction are carried out on the weakest people of all, the ones that cannot respond to these acts of vengeance, the throw-aways that matter to no one (or to very few).

Y.K. Brown was right: Prison for minors is no hotel, and the boys aren't there to have themselves a vacation, but rather to satisfy the cruelty of society.

This is the only way to understand the images of this "Funnel."

© Casa de la Juventud
    Paraguay


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Update on the situation in Paraguay:
Our article on Camilo Soares ("Power to the Young People of Paraguay") was published this summer just as Raul Cubas Graus was winning a presidential election in Paraguay. After the election, Casa de la Juventud found itself operating under ever more severe constraints on its freedom to promote democracy. Among other things, the election of Cubas Grau has led to an "increase of repression and the scandalous growth of corruption," according to Camilo. Cubas Grau was, in effect, a surrogate candidate for Gen. Lino Oviedo. Oviedo was jailed for insurrection following vigorous civic action by Paraguayan youth, with leadership provided by Casa de la Juventud.

On March 23, 1999, the Vice President of Paraguay was assassinated, and Casa de la Juventud took a leading role in promoting the impeachment of Cubas Grau. A few days after the assassination, General Oviedo fled to Argentina, where he was apprehended, and Cubas Grau (likewise) sought political asylum in Brazil. In the last week of March, Luis Gonzalez Macchi was sworn in as a new coalition president.

Contacted during the first week of April, Camilo said, "The occurrences of last week demonstrate that in spite of the group commanded by Oviedo, the democratic citizenship was stronger, (although) sadly with the loss of human lives – but it demonstrated that the people do not want to live in a military dictatorship. I believe firmly that social change must be constructed by all men and women without exclusion. Our work was affected, because the intolerance was very great, but now, as we are in plenary sessions for the change of government, it would appear that the situation will improve, at least with respect to public liberties."


En los principios de abril, Camilo Soares ofreció este comentario sobre la situación corriente en Paraguay: "Con relación a la pregunta de cómo había afectado la victoria de Raúl Cubas al trabajo, creo que eso quedó claro la semana pasada; el aumento de la represión, el aumento escandaloso de la corrupción, etc. Los acontecimientos de la semana pasada demostraron, que a pesar de la prepotencia del grupo comandado por Oviedo, la ciudadanía democrática pudo más, lastimosamente se perdieron vidas humanas, pero se demostró que la gente y no quiere vivir en dictaduras militares. Nuestro trabajo se vió afectado, pues la intolerancia fue muy grande, pero ahora como estamos en plenos cambios de gobierno aparentemente pareciera ser que la situación mejoraría, por lo menos en lo referente a las libertades públicas."
La vengativa sociedad

La cárcel, tal como existe actualmente, no es nada más que en castigo, una imposición arbitraria que no busca facilitar el aprendizaje de ninguna norma. Tiene como único objetivo que el preso sufra, que se sienta mal, que experimente la humillación. Constituye nada más que una represalia.

Encerrar en la cárcel de Panchito López: (antes fue Emboscada y después será quién sabe qué otro siniestro tugurio . . . ) es, en definitiva, un acto de venganza que la sociedad se toma en contra de aquellos que no pueden responder al castigo.

Ellos, los presos precoces, no hacen más que satisfacer las ansias de venganza de un grupo social que debe exorcizar a sus demonios más tranquilo cada noche. Porque la sociedad es miedosa. Y muy rencorosa. Pero pocas, muy pocas veces, dirige su afán vengativo hacia los causantes de sus males. La mayoría del tiempo realiza ejercicios sádicos de destrucción en la persona de los más débiles de todos, de esos que no pueden responder a los actos de venganza; de los desechables que no le importan a nadie (o a muy pocos).

Y.K. Brown tiene razón: La cárcel de menores no es un hotel ni los muchachos están allí para tomarse unas vacaciones, sino para satisfacer la crueldad social.

Ese es el único modo de entender las imágenes de este "Embudo."

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