9/11: Searching for Common Ground: Reflections and Perspectives http://www.changemakers.net/journal/01october/commonground.cfm This is a collection of articles and responses to the September 11, 2001 devastation inflicted on New York and Washington, DC. It includes background foreign policy analysis of terrorism, humanitarian relief opportunities, consideration of the systemic causes of social disaffection for some groups, and spiritual and poetic approaches to thinking about the tragedies and going forward from 9.11. Notable Feature(s): A September 11, 2001 directory of links from The Nation to reporting, analysis, commentary, and investigation. Contact Information: Karin Hillhouse, Changemakers.net Librarian Email: khillhouse@ashoka.org Afghan women: knowledge and revolt - by Chekeba Hachemi http://www.unesco.org/courier/2001_11/uk/dici.htm The only university open to Afghan women is located in Faizabad in northern Afghanistan, an area not under Taliban control. Antoinette de Jong photographed students there in April 2001. In this first-hand account, NGO director Chekeba Hachemi speaks of the suffering of her people, but also of their spirit of resistance. She appeals to the world community not to let Afghanistan become “an inconsolable country.” Contact Information: Email: redaction.courrier@unesco.org Bush and the World - by Michael Hirsh http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/foreignaffairsseptoct2002.cfm This article, from the September/October 2002 Foreign Affairs, looks at U.S. foreign policy since September 11, 2001, and the challenges of articulating policies and programs necessary to stem terrorism and bolster the cause of good in the world. Earth - Guardian Weekly supplement to 2002 Johannesburg summit http://www.guardian.co.uk/worldsummit2002/earth/ http://www.guardian.co.uk/ In this special report, the Guardian examines some of the most pressing issues of our time, from dwindling water supplies and rampant disease to the problem of feeding the planet's growing population. Top writers from around the world join the debate, giving their own solutions for a better future. Notable Feature(s): Expert perspective on water, poverty, health, climate change, inequality, food & trade, biodiversity, education, population, disasters, business, sustainable development, environmental tourism, and more. Contact Information: Email: patrick.ensor@guardian.co.uk Feeding Eight Billion People: Time to Get Out of Past Misconceptions - by Professor Malin Falkenmark http://www.siwi.org/Articles_Summaries/article_WF-Green-Blue.htm http://www.siwi.org/ The water necessary to produce the food required for an expanding human population is usually discussed only as an issue of blue water (the water we use from rivers and aquifers). This discussion neglects all the food produced from rainfed farming, which is critical not least in hunger and poverty stricken areas with rapid population growth, areas that depend not on blue water but on green water (the soil moisture used by plants and returned as vapor flow). A shift in water thinking is essential in order to find realistic and sustainable options to feed the world of tomorrow. Contact Information: Professor Malin Falkenmark, senior scientist Stockholm International Water Institute Email: malin.falkenmark@siwi.org Financing for Sustainable Development - WSSD Summit 2002 http://www.iied.org/pdf/wssd_ffsd.pdf http://www.iied.org Prepared in advance of the Johannesburg Summit 2002, this 88-page report from the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) provides authoritative perspective and detail on the challenges faced by any goal of global sustainable development. Contact Information: Tom Bigg, IIED, WSSD Coordinator International Institute for Environment and Development 3 Endsleigh Street London WC1H 0DD UK Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7388-2117   Fax: +44 (0)20 7388-2826 Email: tom.bigg@iied.org Formalization of Property Rights in Eradicating Poverty http://odin.dep.no/ud/norsk/aktuelt/taler/statsraad_b/032171-090054/index-dok000-b-n-a.html A discussion with Professor Hernando de Soto, the leading world authority on fighting poverty through property law. New balls, please - by Fran Abrams http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4446984,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/GWeekly/front At the Wimbledon tennis matches, 48,000 balls will be smashed across the genteel courts, but who ever pauses to wonder where they are made? Why do they require materials from nine different countries? And what is life like for the people who make them? This article from The Guardian Weekly looks at globalization from a specific and fresh perspective. On a Hinge of History - by Ivan L. Head http://www.aed.org/news_events/anniv_sympos_head.pdf This address to mark the 40th anniversary of the Academy of Educational Development (AED) traverses highlights of recorded global history and remarks on development needs around the world, the effects of income disparities, poverty, and the possibilities for improving environmental protection, stemming human migrations, enhancing educational opportunity and performance, and securing peace through social change. Contact Information: AED Headquarters 1825 Connecticut Ave., NW Washington, DC   20009-5721 USA Telephone: 202.884.8000   Fax: 202.884.8400 Email: admindc@aed.org Preemptive Biopreparedness: Can We Learn Anything from History - by Elizabeth Fee, PhD. and Theodore Brown, PhD. http://www.ajph.org/cgi/reprint/91/5/721.pdf The Prison-Industrial Complex - by Eric Schlosser http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/98dec/prisons.htm Correctional officials see danger in prison overcrowding. Others see opportunity. The nearly two million Americans behind bars -- the majority of them nonviolent offenders -- mean jobs for depressed regions and windfalls for profiteers. The Shipbreakers - by William Langewiesche http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2000/08/langewiesche.htm A compelling story (August 2000 issue of The Atlantic Monthly) of enterprise, outrage, economic machination, environmental challenge, and human perseverance. At Alang, in India, on a six-mile stretch of oily, smoky beach, 40,000 men tear apart half of the world's discarded ships, each one a sump of toxic waste. Environmentalists in the West are outraged. The shipbreakers, of course, want to be left alone -- and maybe they should be. The article explores the complex policies, market forces, and human issues underlying a global enterprise with profound local and regional impact in South Asia. The Value of Natural Capital - by Anil Agarwal http://www1.worldbank.org/devoutreach/winter01/article.asp?id=97 http://www.cseindia.org/index.html In the Winter 2001 issue of Development Outreach, Anil Agarwal (director of the Centre for Science and Environment - CSE) reports that it is a good thing that the economic value of natural capital is receiving greater attention, as environmental degradation is likely to be most devastating for the poor. He points out in the first citizens' report on the State of India's Environment – a unique participatory civil society exercise unparalleled anywhere in the world – that environmental destruction and social injustice go hand in hand in a poor country...that economic growth, when unmanaged, can easily lead to an increase in ecological poverty – the lack of a healthy natural resource base for safeguarding public health and local economies and their sustainability. Contact Information: Anil Agarwal The Centre for Science and Environment 41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area New Delhi 110062 India Telephone: 91-11-6081110   Fax: 91-11-6085879 Email: webadmin@cseindia.org Where Money Meets Mission: Breaking Down the Firewall Between Foundation Investments and Programming - by Jed Emerson http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ssir/Summer2003/EMERSON.pdf In the summer 2003 issue of the Stanford Social Innovation Review, Jed Emerson discusses the "firewall" that traditionally exists between fund management and grantmaking, a clear separation that is consistent with the way most foundations operate. Historically, foundations have maintained an impermeable wall between investing and programming with the idea being that what's business is business, and what's social is social. Investment managers who buy particular stocks may have found them attractive investments for the near-term, but from the standpoint of environmental or social good or the long-term viability of a business model with such negative impacts, such investments may represent poor choices in conflict with a foundation's stated mission. Emerson makes the case that the goal for all foundations should be to bridge this gap, creating the largest set of overall returns possible—financial, social, and environmental—to maximize total value and total returns on investments. Contact Information: Stanford Social Innovation Review Stanford Graduate School of Business 518 Memorial Way Stanford, CA   94305-5015 USA Telephone: 650.725.5399   Fax: 650.723.0516 Email: info@ssireview.com A New Marshall Plan? Advancing Human Security and Controlling Terrorism By Dick Bell & Michael Renner, Worldwatch Institute http://www.worldwatch.org/alerts/011009.html Globalization has raised expectations, even as modern communications make the rising inequality between a rich, powerful, and imposing West and the rest of the world visible to all. Poverty and deprivation do not automatically translate into hatred. But people whose hopes have worn thin, whose aspirations have been thwarted, and whose discontent is rising, are far more likely to succumb to the siren song of extremism. This is particularly true for the swelling ranks of young people whose prospects for the future are bleak. Some 34 percent of the developing world's population is under 15 years of age....The United States and the other industrial nations should launch a global "Marshall Plan" to provide everyone on earth with a decent standard of living. Notable Feature(s): Write to the authors for more information: Dick Bell Michael Renner Contact Information: Worldwatch Institute 1776 Massachusetts Ave NW Washington, DC   20036 USA Telephone: 202 452-1999   Fax: 202 296-7365 Email: worldwatch@worldwatch.org Adventures in a Book Trade - by Andrew Jacobs http://partners.nytimes.com/books/00/04/02/reviews/000402.002jacobt.html This NY Times book review of Michael Duneier's SIDEWALK with photographs by Ovie Carter tells the story of Manhattan's curbside booksellers, the lives they lead and the services they perform for the health of the city. Notable Feature(s): Online text of SIDEWALK's first chapter. Alternatives to Economic Globalization: A Better World is Possible - by John Cavanagh and Jeffrey Mander and 17 others The culmination of a three-year project has arrived. Alternatives to Economic Globalization [A Better World is Possible] begins with a thorough critique of economic globalization, examining its ideological underpinnings and detailing its negative economic and environmental effects. The report then continues to layout 10 governing principles for new rules and institutions for the global economy, rules that will lead to more democratic and sustainable societies. It includes concrete examples of steps one can take today to create the better world we all know is possible. Notable Feature(s): Table of Contents and a 16-page Introduction to the book. Contact Information: Antonia Juhasz, Alternatives Project Director Email: ajuhasz@ifg.org Bright Lights, Small Villages: Why helping Africa get solar power is good for America. - by Nicholas Thompson and Ricardo Bayon http://www.newamerica.net/print.cfm?pg=article&pubID=1053&Prt=Yes In many developing nations, state-owned or -run utilities are corrupt and unreliable. In Ghana, for example, the one-third of the population that does have access suffers through periodic blackouts, energy spikes, and capricious policies such as a recent 60 percent increase in electricity taxes. The country largely relies upon a single giant dam. When rainfall is low, electricity is low. When a 1998 drought inflicted rolling blackouts, students at the country's top university clustered underneath solar-powered street lamps just off campus to study for their exams. The December 2002 article in The Washington Monthly includes many examples and analysis of the economics of solar development compared with burning fossil fuels to generate electricity. In Morocco, for instance, "more than half of the people who live off-grid already spend close to $100 dollars a year" on such fuels, notes Vikram Widge, a renewable-energy expert at the International Finance Corporation, the private-sector arm of the World Bank. "Meanwhile, a solar home system of 50 watts--enough to run two or three light bulbs, an electrical outlet, a TV, and maybe a fan--costs about $550 but has an estimated lifetime of 20 years." Also, in Timber Nkwanta, another Ghanaian village experimenting with solar energy, villagers already pay about 20 percent of their income for kerosene and batteries, not to mention the countless hours spent carrying firewood on their heads from increasingly remote forests. In a recent study, the International Energy Agency found that this figure compares to as little as 2 percent of household income paid for energy in countries like the United Kingdom. In the long term, solar is a cheaper option, and it's healthier, too. The World Health Organization estimates that 2.5 million people die prematurely each year in the developing world from inhaling biomass burnt indoors--deaths that could be averted in many cases through the use of cleaner energy sources. Child Traffickers Prey on Bangladesh - by Somini Sengupta http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/nytimes042902.cfm This New York Times article reports on the untold number of children who are taken out of Bangladesh each year by traffickers and the efforts of Ashoka Fellow Salma Ali and the Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association to get them back home. Drawing a Line, However Thin - by David Fromkin http://www.changemakers.net/library/nytimes042201.cfm In this New York Times review, David Fromkin looks at A World Made New, Mary Ann Glendon's 2001 book about Eleanor Rossevelt's role in the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: "Anybody concerned with the question of human rights in today's world will need to read it and refer to it. The story that it tells begins in the aftermath of the Second World War, when diverse pressures were brought to bear from Latin America, from smaller countries and from humanitarian nongovernmental organizations for some mention of human rights to be made in the United Nations Charter. The mention was made, but no definition of human rights was supplied; so, under United Nations sponsorship, a committee was established to deal with the matter. In January 1947 the committee convened, with Eleanor Roosevelt, widow of the late president, as its chairwoman." Notable Feature(s): An interview with Harvard law professor Glendon about her book on the background and framing of the UN's Universal Declaration; another review of A World Made New from The Washington Post, May 3, 2001; an extensive article from The New Republic, February 25, 2002, by Cass R. Sustein. Flocking Together Through the Web: Bird Watchers May Be a Harbinger of a True Global Consciousness - by Joel Garreau http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/wpost050901.cfm The community of bird watchers is effecting social change that no one could have imagined. Garreau's May 2001 article in The Washington Post reports on the global phenomenon made possible through the power of Internet communication. "It drives a huge growth in citizen engagement. We're definitely feeling the power. It's the greatest thing. All of this is being done by school kids, families, retired folks....If you look at the conservation of birds, you're really looking at the stewardship of the landscape, using birds as indicators," says Gill. "We're starting to manage the landscape in real time. What the Web does is transform this into a global community on a local scale. That ranges from rain forests in Guyana to urban America and everything in between." For the Poor, Help from MBAs - By Francesca DiMeglio http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/bw081705mbapoor.cfm "BOTTOM OF THE PYRAMID" described one of many strategies and opportunities MBA students and recent graduates are creating to help give purchasing power to people in Third World countries. In the process, the MBAs are also establishing a whole new set of consumers. Instead of offering aid or charity, these students and alumni are helping some of the world's 4 billion poor people, who are sometimes referred to as those at the "bottom of the pyramid" (BOP), to stand on their own two feet. Several educators like C.K. Prahalad, a professor of corporate strategy at the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan, and Stuart L. Hart, a professor of management at the S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management at Cornell University, are writing about these practices and sharing their ideas with students. From hospitals to herbalists: Rx herbal medicines - by Michelle Hibler http://www.idrc.ca/reports/read_article_english.cfm?article_num=1023 In Uganda, the rural population is as likely to consult a herbalist as a medical practitioner for common complaints, including diarrhoea, cough, blood disorders, headaches, malaria, and abdominal pains. The popularity of traditional healers in this country of 22 million people is easy to explain. Accessibility is key. In Uganda, there is one healer for every 200-400 people. Trained medical personnel are far fewer—only one for every 20,000 people. "And since healers live in the communities they serve, they're easy to consult," says Mr Corn Alele Amai, Senior Research Officer at the Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory (NCRL) in Kampala. "Equally important, their services are inexpensive—in fact, herbal medicines are often free," he says, "or can be paid for in kind." There's also a strong cultural attachment to this form of health care. Contact Information: Corn Alele Amai, Senior Research Officer Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory PO Box 4864 Kampala Uganda Email: cmai@afsat.com Genetically Modified Outcome: Drifting Pollen May Settle Debate Over Transgenic Food - by Karen Charman http://www.tompaine.com/feature.cfm/ID/6157/view/print According to this August 2002 article at TomPaine.com, biotech supporters claim that genetically modified food is no different than food derived from conventional breeding techniques and that the technology of genetic engineering simply enables scientists to improve crops more quickly and with greater precision. Credible scientists question both claims. Biotechnologists have no control over where the genes they are inserting end up in the modified species' genome, leading one geneticist to dub the technology "genetic randomeering." The location is important, because where the gene ends up -- actually it's a package of several genes, because several different genes are needed to make the technology work -- will determine whether toxic byproducts or allergens are created, or whether the nutritional value of the modified food is altered. Now GM plants that produce pharmaceutical and industrial compounds are spicing up the mix. According to the USDA's Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), the government agency with chief responsibility for regulating field trials of bioengineered crops, 30 sites totaling some 100 acres are now testing such crops in the open environment. But it is impossible to find out where or what is being tested, because the identity of the compounds is considered "confidential business information." Todd Leake, a conventional wheat farmer from the Red River Valley in North Dakota who opposes GM crops, says corn and soybeans that produce veterinary vaccines or contain antibiotics have already been field tested. If they proceed to commercial production, he believes contamination will be impossible to prevent. "So your kids will be eating, say, gastroenteritis vaccine with their cornflakes and cattle antibiotics in their bread," he said. Leake might have added that also applies to the rest of us. Contact Information: John Moyers, Editor and Publisher, TomPaine.com The Florence Fund P.O. Box 53303 Washington, DC   20009 USA Email: editor@tompaine.com Green Music in the Rain Forest - by Suzanne Charlé http://www.fordfound.org/publications/ff_report/view_ff_report_detail.cfm?report_index=365 http://www.panda.org/forests4life/workshop.cfm This Ford Foundation Report article (Fall 2002) describes a forest-saving project underway in Manaus, Brazil, in the heart of the Amazon. Under the direction of the Amazonian Workshop School for Fabrication of Stringed Instruments (OELA), a number of wood-working enterprises represent a small part of a larger effort to create a sustainable harvest of the great Amazon forest and to give employment to the region's burgeoning population. According to Rubens Gomes, founder of the workshop school, all the wood used at each site has been harvested in a sustainable manner and certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (F.S.C.) or is recycled wood. "Officially, there are 30 million cubic meters of wood cut in the Amazon annually," Gomes says. "Twenty million of this is wasted--sawdust, scraps, unwanted wood left to rot. And those are the official numbers. The motive of this school is to transform what is lost into things of value. Many people could do this--but there are no schools teaching carpentry in the Amazon." OELA is meant to help fill the void. But Gomes wants to do more. "The main objective is to produce good citizens," says Gomes, who, as a student, was influenced by Chico Mendes, the activist rubber-tapper slain in 1988. "If the kids only know how to make a guitar at the end of the course, we've failed." A number of organizations worked together for the successful development of Gomes's workshop school. Most prominent are the Institute for Management and Certification of Agriculture and Forestry (IMAFLORA), the Vitória Amazônica Foundation, the Brazilian Biodiversity Fund (FUNBIO), and the Agricultural Technical School of Manaus. Notable Feature(s): An additional story about the project by a former correspondent for The Financial Times and Business Week, Bill Hinchberger, the editor of the webzine BrazilMax (http://www.BrazilMax.com), based in São Paulo, Brazil. Helping Hand for Bangladesh's Poor - by Amy Waldman http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/nytimes032503.cfm This March 2003 New York Times article profiles the success the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) has had since its founding in the years following independence for the country in 1971 and the development challenges still facing it and the people. How Marketing Can Reduce Worldwide Poverty - by Martha Lagace http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=2702&t=marketing&sid=0&pid=0 http://dor.hbs.edu/fi_redirect.jhtml?facInfo=bio&facEmId=vrangan Harvard Business School professor V. Kasturi "Kash" Rangan and research associate Arthur McCaffrey are studying ways in which the marketing profession can play a major role in solving some of the world's most entrenched problems. Here's the scenario: You care about benefiting society as a whole. You want to help people stuck in grinding poverty. You want to know what villagers think about a dam proposal for their valley. Or that loan to spur agriculture. Or the supermarket going up in the inner city. What can a marketing background say to you when your goal is not to sell Coca-Cola, but to offer a better existence to people on the edge? That's the puzzle facing Rangan and McCaffrey that they are determined to solve. As they write in a new working paper that they're preparing for an academic journal, there are more than three billion people in the world who may be classified as poor. What does the marketing profession have to say to them? Rangan, head of the HBS faculty marketing unit, has been wrestling with the limits of social marketing for a decade. McCaffrey was so impressed by a talk Rangan gave several years ago on "marketing to the poorest customers" that he campaigned to work alongside him. They readily admit that they're no pioneers. James D. Wolfensohn, president of the World Bank, for example, has advocated a variation of social marketing, and it's a common—though they believe often ill-applied—topic in development. But together the two are pushing the envelope of what social marketing can do about world poverty. They want to move social marketing beyond mere sales and promotion. They insist that eliminating poverty requires all the complex skills the marketing profession can bring to bear. Contact Information: V. Kasturi Rangan Email: vrangan@hbs.edu How to Judge Globalism - by Amartya Sen http://www.prospect.org/print/V13/1/sen-a.html The American Prospect magazine presents in a special supplement this excellent overview from the 1998 Nobel Laureate in Economic Science. Is globalization really a new Western curse? It is, in fact, neither new nor necessarily Western; and it is not a curse. Over thousands of years, globalization has contributed to the progress of the world through travel, trade, migration, spread of cultural influences, and dissemination of knowledge and understanding (including that of science and technology). These global interrelations have often been very productive in the advancement of different countries. They have not necessarily taken the form of increased Western influence. Indeed, the active agents of globalization have often been located far from the West. I Wonder as I Wander: African Women Don't Cry - by Kwame Karikari http://allafrica.com/stories/200109230069.html This September 2001 article presents a point of view not often reported in Western media. If Western, specifically Anglo-American, culture is marching unhindered to conquer the minds and hearts and souls of even the most "primitive" communities on the globe, the spearhead is the mass media. The West very beautifully labels this speedy process of domination "globalization". And they find many choruses around the globe chirping or gloating the merits of the new label for old processes that used to be called "imperialism" and other less sweet names by its opponents and more discerning Western thinkers. I-school, my school - by Farwa Imam Ali, Nistula Hebbar and Litta Jacob http://www.the-week.com/23feb09/cover.htm This February 2003 article profiles several school programs in India that are challening traditional approaches to education. All of the schools represent a parallel stream in the education system where the quality and content are the same as formal schools but innovative teaching methods are employed. Contact Information: Email: editor@the-week.com Indian villagers given a taste of equality - Lower-caste Dalits trained to fix pumps gain clean water and modicum of respect - by Luke Harding http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/guardian.cfm http://www.wateraid.org This December 2002 Guardian article describes the vexing problem of inadequate water supply and its successful resolution in the Indian village of Seetanagaram. Notable Feature(s): More information on water availability problems and solutions around the world from WaterAid, the UK's only major charity dedicated exclusively to the provision of safe domestic water, sanitation and hygiene education to the world's poorest people. Contact Information: WaterAid Prince Consort House 27-29 Albert Embankment London   SE1 7UB UK Telephone: +44 20 7793 4500   Fax: +44 20 7793 4545 Email: wateraid@wateraid.org Living in a World Without Women - by Barbara Crossette http://www.changemakers.net/library/nytimes110401.cfm According to Crossette in this article from The New York Times, in the war of militant Islam against the infidel West, there is a chilling paradox. Nowhere—not on protesters' banners, pre-suicide videos or posters of the most wanted—is there a woman's face. These martyrs and radicals call themselves the purifiers of society and the saviors of the poor, yet everything the world has learned in the last decade about why some countries develop and others stay mired in poverty shows that women can make all the difference. Of Globalization and the Greater Good - by William J. Holstein http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/nytimes022404.html http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0195138058/ref=nosim/searchengin07-20/102-6692336-0371324?dev-t=D3640U3GS53SRF This February 2004 review from the New York Times details the work of social entrepreneurs changing communities around the world in every field of concern. Globalization is often criticized because of the economic disruptions it creates, the diseases it can spread, and the severe gaps in wealth it reveals. But in a new book, David Bornstein offers a different perspective on globalization that is thoroughly uplifting and encouraging. In "How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas" (Oxford University Press), Mr. Bornstein shows how new communications tools are allowing activists, whom he calls social entrepreneurs, to bring about change at the grassroots level. Preserving Rwanda's Medicinal Plants: a profile of Léopold Ntezurubanza - by Geneviève-L. Picard http://www.idrc.ca/reports/read_article_english.cfm?article_num=1063 In 1974 Léopold Ntezurubanza first became interested in the astonishing properties of medicinal plants. In short order he turned his passion for medicinal plants, nature, and traditional therapies into a career that would address problems linked to conservation and biodiversity. He believes that Rwanda's industrialization "must necessarily be based on a rational use of primary sector resources. In this connection, the valorization of plant products, and in particular of medicinal and aromatic plants, constitutes a very promising avenue in the agro-industrial sector. He advocates for a rational and sustainable use of such plants to maintain the ecological balance of both habitats and species. Contact Information: Léopold Ntezurubanza LASEVE 555 University Boulevard, Chicoutimi Québec Canada G7H 2B1 Telephone: 418.545.5011   Fax: 418.545.5012 Email: lebanza@hotmail.com Real World Or 'Reality' Shows? - by Pat Mitchell http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/washpost10.16.01.cfm This October 2001 Washington Post article addresses the need for documentary perspective on issues of critical importance to peace and understanding. Just as the line between entertainment and news has been blurred, the past month has proven that there is no longer a clear dividing line between international and domestic issues. In this increasingly interdependent world, our fate as a nation will depend to a larger extent than ever before on our interaction with the rest of the world. We will not succeed without citizens who care about, know about and understand what is going on beyond our borders. That's where the media have a role to play, a big role. Rebuilding From Within - by Larry Thompson http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/washpost012802.cfm http://www.refintl.org/cgi-bin/ri/index In this article from The Washington Post, Thompson presents the case for locally driven solutions to the development needs in Afghanistan. Afghan leaders of NGOs fear they will be overwhelmed by the international presence in Afghanistan and that their best staff will be lured away by the high salaries paid by foreigners. They are regarded by the United Nations, aid agencies and international NGOs as contractors rather than full partners. When a foreign NGO arrives in town, they say, the U.N. agencies almost always give it a position of leadership over the Afghan NGOs. But one Afghan aid worker said, "There are 10 Afghan NGOs capable of implementing million-dollar aid programs as well as any foreign NGO." This is a claim that should be tested. Contact Information: Refugees International 1705 N Street, NW Washington, DC   20036 USA Telephone: 202.828.0110   Fax: 202.828.0819 Email: ri@refintl.org Rediscovery Of The Commons - by David Bollier http://www.tompaine.com/feature.cfm/ID/6016/view/print http://www.tompaine.com/index.cfm This is the first in a series of three articles by David Bollier for TomPaine.com, adapted from his recent book Silent Theft: The Private Plunder of Our Common Wealth (Routledge). For at least the past 20 years, it has been a mantra in our national political life that the so-called free market is our best hope for a brighter, more beautiful tomorrow. From Ronald Reagan's sermons on the "magic of the marketplace" to the giddy euphoria of the Internet revolution, politicians and business leaders have locked arms in praise of strong property rights, deregulation, globalization and the marketization of everything. But even before the dot-com bust and the astonishing financial and ethical meltdown of some leading American corporations, there has been a growing counter-movement afoot. This insurgency not only insists that markets have distinct limits, but that there are serious alternative ways of creating and managing wealth in socially benign ways. Call it a rediscovery of the commons. Contact Information: John Moyers, Editor and Publisher TomPaine.com The Florence Fund P.O. Box53303 Washington, DC   20009 USA Email: editor@tompaine.com Relief Groups Rethink Post-September 11 Strategy - by Carla Tishler http://hbsworkingknowledge.hbs.edu/pubitem.jhtml?id=2722&sid=0&pid=0&t=nonprofit The disaster of September 11 changed many things, including how humanitarian relief and development efforts are undertaken. At a Harvard Business School discussion, leaders from six nongovernmental relief organizations described the new challenges—and new opportunities—awaiting them. Notable Feature(s): The article includes a sidebar interview with Reynold Levy, president of the International Rescue Committee (IRC)and a senior lecturer at HBS, moderated the "Humanitarian Relief and Development after September 11th" panel. Contact Information: Email: workingknowledge@hbs.edu SIPAZ: Peace Journalism in Rural Columbia - by Angela Castellanos http://www.idrc.ca/reports/read_article_english.cfm?article_num=1029 http://www.sipaz.net/ Decades of guerrilla campaigns, military counterstrikes, and the relentless war on the drug trade have taken a devastating toll on Colombian culture and society. In response to this attack on the country's social and cultural environment, a group of Colombian social organizations and community radio stations united to form SIPAZ — Sistema Nacional de Comunicación para la Paz (National Communication System for Peace). With the help of Canada's International Development Research Centre (IDRC), SIPAZ has created a communications network and system that is helping to restore the social fabric in areas of conflict, particularly in the rural regions of Colombia. Contact Information: Mauricio Beltran, Fundacion Colombia Multicolor Email: multicol@colnodo.apc.org Social Entrepreneurs: A New Global Landscape (June 2003) - by David Bornstein http://changemakers.socialedge.org/?293@5.DkcfaXRCa49.0@.1ad4b92d It is not often that society undergoes a structural transformation so fundamental and widespread that it affects everybody - whether they are young or old, whether they are in business, government, academia, the media or the nonprofit world. It is even more unusual when such a change occurs around the globe almost simultaneously. That, however, is the situation today: over the past thirty years, the world has witnessed the emergence of a major new 'sector' - a sector apart from government and business that is comprised of millions of new organizations whose primary purpose is to address the problems that nobody else is addressing. This "Citizen Sector" is altering the way the work of society gets done almost everywhere: It is redefining and sharpening the role of government, shifting practices and attitudes in business and opening up waves of opportunity for people who seek to apply their talents in new, positive ways. Contact Information: David Bornstein Email: dbornstein@attglobal.net The economist versus the terrorist: Hernando de Soto believes that capitalism can defeat terrorism - http://www.economist.com/people/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Story_ID=1559905 This January 2003 Economist article presents the ideas of Hernando de Soto. Mr de Soto is not one of those economists who thinks that the key to capitalism's success is to protect existing, legally established property rights, come what may. On the contrary, he argues that capitalism will thrive, and overcome threats such as terrorism, only if legal systems change so that most of the people feel that the law is on their side. Creating this sense of inclusion requires many things, including marketing the idea aggressively to the poor. But one of the best symbols of change is a mass programme of giving full legal protection to the de facto property rights that are observed informally by the (typically poor) people now living beyond the formal law. According to Mr de Soto's research, based on interaction with extra-legal communities in several countries, such informal property rights cover assets—notably, land and housing—worth many billions of dollars. Informal systems of property rights usually make such assets “dead capital”, meaning that it is hard to use them as collateral for a loan, which might be used to start a business, for example. Bringing these rights into the formal legal system will unleash this capital and spur growth, says Mr de Soto: an efficient, inclusive legal system preceded rapid development in every rich country. Mr de Soto is charismatic and sells his ideas energetically. But he is no mere talker. Besides Peru and El Salvador, which made reforms some years ago based on his ideas, Mr de Soto and his think-tank, Institute for Liberty and Democracy, have recently been working with the governments of Mexico, Egypt, the Philippines, Honduras and Haiti—which is expected to be the first of these countries to introduce new legislation in April 2003. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid - by C.K. Prahalad and Stuart L. Hart http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/fortunepyramid.cfm Originally from Strategy + Business magazine, this article posits that it is time for multinational corporations (MNCs) to look at globalization strategies through a new lens of inclusive capitalism. For companies with the resources and persistence to compete at the bottom of the world economic pyramid, the prospective rewards include growth, profits, and incalculable contributions to humankind. Countries that still don't have the modern infrastructure or products to meet basic human needs are an ideal testing ground for developing environmentally sustainable technologies and products for the entire world.... MNC investment at “the bottom of the pyramid” means lifting billions of people out of poverty and desperation, averting the social decay, political chaos, terrorism, and environmental meltdown that is certain to continue if the gap between rich and poor countries continues to widen. The Payoff for Investing in Poor Countries - by C.K. Prahalad and Allen Hammond http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=3180&t=nonprofit Multinationals can do plenty to help the world's poor—and in the process help themselves. Start with this fact: the aggregate buying power of poor communities is actually quite large. For example, while the rural poor are naturally harder to reach than the urban poor, they also represent a large untapped opportunity for companies. Indeed, 60 percent of India's GDP is generated in rural areas. The critical barrier to doing business in rural regions is distribution access, not a lack of buying power. But new information technology and communications infrastructures—especially wireless—promise to become an inexpensive way to establish marketing and distribution channels in these communities. In this excerpt from the Harvard Business Review, C. K. Prahalad and Allen Hammond dispel common myths and suggest creative ways to tap an overlooked market. Tomorrow's Markets - Global Trends and Their Implications for Business - Preface by Michael Porter, Harvard Business School http://www.wbcsd.org/newscenter/reports/2002/tomorrows-market/tm_cover.pdf http://www.wbcsd.org/newscenter/releases/3march02.htm An examination of the dynamics and issues underlying the relationship between corporate strategy and social imperatives for better health, education, the environment, and international development. The report reflects the rising interest in using market solutions to address some of the world's most pressing problems such as population, wealth, nutrition, health, education, consumption, energy, emissions, efficiency, ecosystems, agriculture, freshwater, urbanization, mobility, communications, labor, democracy, accountability and privatization. The global trend for each topic is presented in a concise, lively format that can be easily adapted for business use. Contact Information: World Resources Institute (WRI) 10 G Street, NE (Suite 800) Washington, DC   20002 USA Telephone: 202.729.7600   Email: aamor@wri.org Treating HIV/AIDS - Special Summer 2001 issue from Doctors Without Borders (MSF) http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/alert/2001/summer/ http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/ From Médecins Sans Frontières and its publication Alerts comes this special issue, which includes review of health treatment options in South Africa and elsewhere; global statistics; an overview of MSF's programs around the world; news and events. Two Years Later, a Thousand Years Ago - by Robert Wright http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/newyorktimes091103.cfm This Op-Ed piece from the New York Times argues that the world's nations face a daunting, if inspiring, challenge to look after each other's welfare and humanity with degrees of empathy and self-interest if security is to prevail. Globalization dates back to prehistory, when the technologically driven expansion of commerce began. Early advances in transportation — roads, wheels, boats — were used to do deals (when they weren't used to fight wars). So too with information technology. Writing seems to have evolved in Mesopotamia as a recorder of debts. Later, in the form of contracts, it would lubricate long-distance trade. All this is grounded in human nature. People instinctively play nonzero-sum games — games, like economic exchange, in which both players can win. And technological advance lets them play more complex games over longer distances. Hence globalization. What makes globalization precarious is that nonzero-sum relationships typically have a downside: both players can lose as well as win. Their fortunes are correlated, their fates partly shared, for better or worse. As a web of commerce expands and thickens, this interdependence deepens. Today the globalization of commerce, and of threats to it, has created the rudiments of international governance, from the World Health Organization to arrangements for policing nuclear weapons. Global governance sounds radical, but it's just history marching on — commerce making the world safe for itself. History's expansion of commerce has entailed the growth not just of governance, but of morality. Doing business with people, even at a distance, usually involves acknowledging their humanity. This may not sound like a major moral breakthrough. But prehistoric life seems to have featured frequent hostility among groups, with violence justified by the moral devaluation, even dehumanization, of the victims. And recorded history is replete with such bigotry. The modern idea that people of all races and religions are morally equal is often taken for granted, but viewed against the human past, it is almost bizarre. Notable Feature(s): More on nonzero-sum game theory from Robert Wright at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. U.S. Courts Become Arbiters of Global Rights and Wrongs - by William Glaberson http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/nyt062101.cfm This June 21, 2001 NY Times article traces the growing scope of international human rights litigation in U.S. courts since the early 1980s. Violence and justice in a global age - by David Held http://www.opendemocracy.net/forum/document_details.asp?CatID=95&DocID=648 David Held, a leading theorist of globalisation looks at the new century's first defining moment. Instead of further arbitrary violence, he calls for an International Commission on global terrorism modelled on the Nuremberg and Tokyo war tribunals and working under the authority of a revitalised UN. Held believes that we need to 'reframe human activity and entrench it in law, rights and responsibilities'. Contact Information: Email: open@opendemocracy.net Visiting disaster - by Sue Wheat http://www.guardian.co.uk/GWeekly/Story/0,3939,740155,00.html http://www.guardian.co.uk/GWeekly/front/ From the June 20, 2002 issue of The Guardian Weekly, comes this article on ecotourism developments and their sometime deleterious impact on the indigenous people and communities around the world. Contact Information: The Guardian Weekly 75 Farringdon Road London, EC1M 3HQ UK Telephone: 44 0 20 7713 4400   Fax: 44 0 20 7242 0985 Email: gwwwsubs@guardian.co.uk Wind Power: The Missing Link in the Bush Energy Plan - by Lester R. Brown http://www.earth-policy.org/Alerts/Alert14.htm World wind power use has multiplied nearly fourfold over the last five years, a growth rate matched only by the computer industry. In the United States, the American Wind Energy Association projects a staggering 60 percent growth in wind-generating capacity in 2001. Contact Information: Earth Policy Institute 1350 Connecticut Ave. NW Washington, DC   20036 USA Telephone: 202.496.9290   Fax: 202.496.9325 Email: epi@earth-policy.org Women and Poverty: Is Grameen Bank the Answer? - by Santi Rozario http://www.capstrans.uow.edu.au/pubs/grameen.pdf There has been general agreement since at least the mid-1970s that women, particularly poor rural women, need special consideration within the development process. Awareness of this problem has increased in recent years, as have attempts at appropriate strategies, but effective responses are hard to find. This research paper examines the features of Grameen microcredit and other microfinance approaches that are being applied around the world to great effect. Notable Feature(s): Discussion of the establishment of Gonoshashtha Pharmaceuticals in Bangladesh and its successful struggle to achieve a National Drug Policy to make locally-made generic versions of essential pharmaceuticals available widely at low prices. World Development Report 2003: Sustainable Development in a Dynamic Economy http://econ.worldbank.org/wdr/wdr2003/text-17926/ Sustainable Development in a Dynamic Economy, the World Development Report (WDR) 2003, is the World Bank's contribution to an ongoing international dialogue on sustainable development. According to the report, in nearly 50 years, the world could have a gross domestic product of $140 trillion and a total population of nine billion people, up from six billion today. Without better policies and institutions, social and environmental strains may derail development progress, leading to higher poverty levels and a decline in the quality of life for everybody, according to the World Development Report 2003. Contact Information: The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, CO   20433 USA Telephone: 202.473.1000   Fax: 202.477.6391 World Wind Generating Capacity Jumps 31 Percent in 2001 - by Lester R. Brown http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update5.htm From the Earth Policy Institute comes this latest report on wind energy. Since 1995, world wind-generating capacity has increased an astounding 487 percent, or nearly fivefold. During the same period, the use of coal, the principal alternative for generating electricity, declined by 9 percent. Notable Feature(s): Links to wind energy organizations and related resources. Contact Information: Email: epi@earth-policy.org ECO-ECONOMY INDICATORS: TRENDS TO TRACK http://www.earth-policy.org/Indicators/index.htm From Lester Brown's Earth Policy Institute comes this summary of 12 indicators that represent significant measures of our progress, or the lack thereof, in building an eco-economy--one that respects the principles of ecology. The trends included are population, economic growth, the world fish catch, forest cover, carbon emissions, grain production, water scarcity, global temperature, ice melting, wind electric generating capacity, and solar cell production. Contact Information: Earth Policy Institute Email: epi@earth-policy.org India - The Digital Village - by Manjeet Kripalani http://www.changemakers.net/library/temp/bw062804digital%20village.cfm This June 2004 story in Business Week details the growing impact in India of the poor using computer kiosks and software to protect their rights and be competitive in the marketplace. Lannan Foundation Prize for Cultural Freedom http://www.lannan.org/CF/news.htm http://www.lannan.org/ Santa Fe, NM-- Lannan Foundation announced that it has awarded its 2002 Prize for Cultural Freedom to the writer Arundhati Roy of Delhi, India. The Prize for Cultural Freedom was established to recognize people whose extraordinary and courageous work celebrates the human right to freedom of imagination, inquiry, and expression. As defined by the foundation, cultural freedom is the right of individuals and communities to define and protect valued and diverse ways of life currently threatened by globalization. Arundhati Roy's writing, precise and powerful, highlights her commitment to social, economic, and environmental justice. Roy will receive $350,000 in prize money, and she has announced that the money will be shared by 50 people's movements, publications, educational institutions, theater groups, and individuals in India. Roy first gained international recognition in 1997 when her book The God of Small Things was published. Her first and only work of fiction to date, the book garnered Roy the prestigious Booker Prize. Later, in The Cost of Living, she condemned India's nuclear weapons testing and the displacement of its poor and indigenous citizens by the construction of massive hydroelectric dams. Most recently, her book Power Politics discusses the privatization of India's power supply and the politics of writing. Lannan Foundation is a private family foundation located in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Funding is focused on special cultural projects and ideas that promote and protect cultural freedom, diversity, and creativity. The foundation established the Prize for Cultural Freedom in 1999. The first recipient was the writer and journalist Eduardo Galeano of Uruguay. Claudia Andujar, a photographer from Brazil, received the award in 2000 for her lifelong work on behalf of the Yanomami Indians. In 2001 the foundation awarded the Prize to the Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish. Notable Feature(s): Roy's acceptance speech; list of Indian organizations, projects, and individuals to receive a share of Roy's prize monies. Contact Information: Lannan Foundation 313 Read Street Santa Fe, NM   87501-2628 USA Telephone: 505.986.8160   Fax: 505.986.8195 Email: jo@lannan.org Moving Ideas Network http://movingideas.org/ The Moving Ideas Network is dedicated to explaining and popularizing complex policy ideas to a broader audience. Its goal is to improve collaboration and dialogue between policy and grassroots organizations, and to promote their work to journalists and legislators. In order for journalists, activists, students and citizens to keep up with public policy and politics, the Moving Ideas Network publishes an online magazine called Moving Ideas. MIN posts the best ideas and resources from leading progressive research and advocacy institutions, as well as promotes high-quality Web sites and publishes original content. It hopes to strengthen democratic participation by providing a more inclusive and intelligible debate about critical issues. Notable Feature(s): Related links; weekly roundup of ideas; wide-ranging and informative free e-newsletter. Contact Information: Moving Ideas Network c/o The American Prospect 2000 L Street, NW, Suite 717 Washington, D.C.   20036 U.S.A. Telephone: 202.776.0730 x.111   Fax: 202.776.0740 Email: manager@prospect.org New America Foundation http://www.newamerica.net/ The New America Foundation is a nonprofit, public policy institute whose purpose is to bring exceptionally promising new voices and new ideas to the fore of America's public discourse. Believing that neither side of the political divide is adequately addressing the genuine challenges and opportunities of our era, the New America Foundation seeks to reshape our public debate by investing in outstanding individuals and ideas that transcend the conventional political spectrum. Powerful forces – from the dawn of the information age to massive demographic shifts to economic globalization – are remaking America. At a time of such sweeping changes, our nation, more than ever, needs a robust public debate, one that does justice to the new and complex dilemmas of this unfolding era. Yet prevailing ideologies are failing to provide adequate answers to the challenges ahead. What is worse, our society is not investing, as it should be, in developing forward-looking policy solutions, or in nurturing the creative young thinkers most capable of crafting them. Accordingly, one of New America's core programs focuses on training and supporting the next generation of public intellectuals. The Foundation provides economic, intellectual and institutional support to outstanding young writers, thinkers and practitioners whose work holds the promise of improving the quality of our nation's public discourse for decades to come. The first New America Fellows were appointed in January 1999. New America Fellows are routinely featured in virtually all the nation's leading op-ed pages and opinion magazines. Notable Feature(s): From New America Foundation Fellows: Best Articles of 2002. Contact Information: The New America Foundation 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., 7th Floor Washington, DC   20009 USA Telephone: 202.986.2700   Fax: 202.986.3696 Ode http://www.odemagazine.com/ Ode is an independent magazine about the people and ideas that are changing the world. Ode publishes "the stories that are different from the ones we are brainwashed to believe." (Arundhati Roy) Ode challenges readers and invites them to change. The editors realise that change starts with information and that people can only make a choice to change things for the better when they learn how it can be done. Similarly, they can only change their behavior when they understand the harmful effects of their actions. Ode teaches and inspires and helps to show how everyone can contribute to a more just and sustainable world. Notable Feature(s): Many articles and features online; free newsletter. Contact Information: Jay Walljasper, Executive Editor Ode Magazine Ode International Publishers P.O. Box 2402 3000 CK Rotterdam The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 (0) 10 4360995   Fax: + 31 (0) 10 4360871 Email: ode@odemagazine.com Places to Intervene in a System - by Donella Meadows http://www.sustainalaska.org/pdf/WholeEarthRev.pdf Folks who do systems analysis have a great belief in "leverage points." These are places within a complex system (a corporation, an economy, a living body, a city, an ecosystem) where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes in everything. The systems community has a lot of lore about leverage points. Those of us who were trained by the great Jay Forrester at MIT have absorbed one of his favorite stories. "People know intuitively where leverage points are. Time after time I've done an analysis of a company, and I've figured out a leverage point. Then I've gone to the company and discovered that everyone is pushing it in the wrong direction!" This paper distills decades of systems analysis and learning into useful principles of intervention and change. Notable Feature(s): Dancing with Systems: What to do when systems resist change, an excerpt from Meadows' book at the time of her death: People who are raised in the industrial world and who get enthused about systems thinking are likely to make a terrible mistake. They are likely to assume that here, in systems analysis, in interconnection and complication, in the power of the computer, here at last, is the key to prediction and control. This mistake is likely because the mindset of the industrial world assumes that there is a key to prediction and control.... But self-organizing, nonlinear, feedback systems are inherently unpredictable. They are not controllable. They are understandable only in the most general way. The goal of foreseeing the future exactly and preparing for it perfectly is unrealizable. The idea of making a complex system do just what you want it to do can be achieved only temporarily, at best. We can never fully understand our world, not in the way our reductionistic science has led us to expect. Our science itself, from quantum theory to the mathematics of chaos, leads us into irreducible uncertainty. For any objective other than the most trivial, we can't optimize; we don't even know what to optimize. We can't keep track of everything. We can't find a proper, sustainable relationship to nature, each other, or the institutions we create, if we try to do it from the role of omniscient conqueror. Ten Thousand Things - Michelle Hensley http://www.twincities.com/entertainment/onstage/2001/dec/dom1206.htm http://www.startribune.com/stories/1555/1017107.html Michelle Hensley brings justice to theater but does not want one to call her cultural enterprise "social justice" even if it does carry the hallmarks of social engagement and change for the better for marginalized populations in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, including those in prisons, homeless shelters, and housing projects. Making magic with the barest of ingredients is Hensley's métier. As artistic director of her initiative, called Ten Thousand Things, she produces three plays each season on a budget that would not feed a typically anemic small theater: She spends about $1,000 per show and keeps her sets small enough to fold into the trunk of her car. Notable Feature(s): Another article on Hensley's work. The Case Against the Global Economy and For a Turn Toward Localization - Edited by Edward Goldsmith and Jerry Mander http://www.earthscan.co.uk/asp/bookdetails.asp?key=3372 The greatest political debate of our time is about the blind rush towards a single global economy, its consequences for jobs, democracy, human well-being and cultural diversity, and its impact on the natural world that sustains us. In this book 24 leading economic, agricultural, cultural and environmental authorities, drawn from across the world, argue that free trade and economic gloablization are producing exactly the opposite results to those promised. From a detailed analysis of the new global economy, its structures and its full social and ecological implications, they show how it is undermining our liberty, our security and our well-being, and is devastating the planet. Contact Information: Earthscan Publications Ltd 120 Pentonville Road London N1 9JN UK Telephone: +44 (0)20 7278 0433   Fax: +44 (0)20 7278 1142 Thomas Friedman and Robert Kaplan on Globalization in Foreign Policy Magazine http://www.foreignpolicy.com/issue_marapr_2002/debate.html The worldviews of Thomas Friedman (columnist for the New York Times and author of, most recently, The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization) and Robert Kaplan (correspondent for the Atlantic Monthly and author of, most recently, Warrior Politics: Why Leadership Demands a Pagan Ethos) are about as different as a modem and a bayonet. No surprise, then, that these two influential commentators diverged sharply over the future of the nation-state in a debate at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., on December 5, 2001. Will globalization ultimately strengthen or destroy the state? Will it lead to more democracies or more revolutions? And does transnational terrorism signal the end—or the triumph—of global integration? Consider the views presented here. Notable Feature(s): Breaking news. Contact Information: Moisés Naím, Editor and Publisher Foreign Policy 1779 Massachusetts Ave., NW Washington, DC   20036-2103 USA Telephone: 202.939.2230   Fax: 202.483.4430 Email: mbrouwer@ceip.org