5) Description of housing product/service offering: Providing the housing for the slum population is a perennial problem that defies all plausible solutions. Jaunapur Slum Resettlement scheme addresses threefold issues of financial constraints, paucity of land and inadequacy of infrastructure, to provide a sustainable model for slum rehabilitation. It is believed that there is indeed land shortage in Delhi. If all the slums in Delhi are to be relocated, a total of 7000 acres of land are required. Nearly 32,500 acres of land is available within the union territory of Delhi but is considered unsuitable for development and was termed as waste land which has been intensely quarried.

Historically forts and settlements have come up on the hills. Delhi has been built 9 times, and each time it was built on the highlands. The fact is that highlands are most suited for human settlements owing to large catchment areas that provide the constant recharge of the aquifers, provided that the wastewater is not transported outside the site. The veracity of this statement was established by the pilot scheme that comprises of 52 Dwelling units (approx 100 rooms). One roomed units are expandable to two rooms that provides privacy between the parent and child. The dwelling units have been provided as skeletal structures of plinth beams, framework of columns, Funicular shell roofs (with waste stone infill), complete toilet cores, sites and services including sanitary lines. The cluster grouping responds to the socio-cultural needs and also optimises the length of services and roads and provides basic services at a cluster level.

This scheme identifies a logical and cost-effective approach to land selection, water supply & drainage, infrastructure planning and cluster planning with in-built checks for encroachment. It displays appropriate technologies and provides housing with permanent finishes. We believe that the people living in slums are a core support of the city and must be provided with a meaningful living environment.

6) Description of innovation: The Jaunapur Project is unique not only in terms of its planning strategies and construction techniques, but it is also the first of its kind, government backed schemes where the Planners intervention was sought right from the choice of the land. The adopted system of building is a completely fresh approach in every aspect of planning, composition, material procurement, assembly, thermal properties, waterproofing properties, seismic properties and cost differences. SOCIAL The morphology of 4-5 units grouped in a ‘through cluster’ allows for: • Greater efficiency of site utilisation • Reduction in length of roads and service lines • Creation of a group identity • Functional hierarchy of courts from public to private, and for different activities – washing area, women’s court, men’s court MATERIAL Most materials behave best in compression but we force materials against their inherent values thus causing more problems than resolving them. Funicular shells have been loaded to ten times the design loads of RCC and have come out winners all the way. ENERGY Funicular Shell Roofing with Waste Stone Infill: A Funicular shell is effectively an arch rotated through 360º making it doubly curved. Therefore the roof becomes a compressive structure and it does not require steel as in R.C.C. • Minimises use of high-energy steel reinforcement • Uses waste material lowers cost of roof • Minimises requirement of internal plasters WATER Night soil and wastewater are segregated at source. The night soil is drained directly from the toilets into a set of alternating twin leach pits which digests the night soil anaerobically and removed as manure every 18 months. The kitchen and bath water are carried in a central drain which also carries the storm water. The joints of the wastewater drain are open, for online absorption and this enables filtration and groundwater recharge. The balance wastewater if any is taken into a 15-acre ravine on the site.

7) Benefits to clients: Jaunapur Slum resettlement scheme is the result of various successful and tested cluster planning pilots built over the past twelve years by Anangpur Building Centre. • Rehabilitation of 212 families at Proyog Vihar in Naraina, Delhi. • Rehabilitation of 1984 riot affected victims, 1400 families, at Rohini, North Delhi, • Pilot scheme for Slum In-situ up gradation in high density Area (625 d.u /hectare) for 1850 households at Bhoomiheen Camp, Delhi. • Pilot scheme for 1229 families at Papankala, Delhi. • Leprosy colony for 800 families, Delhi. However, these were mere planning and cost-effective technology exercises where the sustainability factor was not part of these projects at that point of time when they were built. The Jaunapur Slum Resettlement Scheme was the first instance addressed for Sustainable Human Settlement Design in a holistic manner. This project and the publicity it generated has instilled fear on decision makers that it would expose far too many flaws with the government policies. In fact this was admitted by the Additional Commissioner (Slum & JJ Dept) Star News: Telecast on ‘News Hour’ Date: 18.02.2000 Reporter: Radhika Bordia Radhika: Officials admit that endorsing this innovative project will expose the flaws in the system. Manjit Singh: Anything that we talk of Jaunapur, anything & everything that we are going to do in this project… now there are certain resistances within the system…You see, these are the things that will be exposing lot of systems, which are already operating in the city…vis-à-vis this project. So all kinds of these negative vibrations also keep coming onto that…and whatever is possible within my own power as Slum Commissioner, or, looking after the Building Centre, I am doing that…But I got to be taking the clearances, the approvals, from number of other agencies within the system. Details of the Jaunapur Slum Rehabilitation Project have been placed at the website: www.anangpur.com, www.anangpur.org.

8) Key operational partnerships: The Project started with Slum Department as its main partner. The Municipal Partner: All the administrative works for the project was the responsibility of the Slum & JJ Department, right from procuring land, taking the final decision of what need to be done, and getting the money from the related government agencies. Co-ordination with other government agencies like the Water Board or the Electric Dept. of Delhi etc The Business Partner: All the suggestions and options for the rehabilitation scheme including the choice of land, choice of material, choice of construction methodology, choice of systems of roads, drainage, water supply, electrification including design inputs and project management was the responsibility of the private partner – the Anangpur Building Centre. The Implementing Partner: The Nizamuddin Building Centre was the executing partner and had representatives of both the business as well as the municipal partner on its board. Its task was solely implementing the scheme as finally approved by the municipal partner and receives payment from the municipal partner. An amount of 16 crores (US $ 3.2 million) was deposited by Delhi Government, all in advance, in the account of Slum Department MCD that remained as its fixed deposit. Similarly the slum department has taken money for many other projects. The salaries amounting to 200 crores INR annually of the Slum Department are met in this manner. This is a Big Business anyway.

9) Financial model: The scheme proposed by the Centre proved the inappropriateness of the existing norms for slum resettlement schemes. On comparing, a dramatic difference was found between the Slum Wing’s estimate of Rs. 280 million (US $ 7 million*) for infrastructure development alone, and the Nizamuddin Building Centre’s offer to implement the entire scheme including skeletal housing (support system and roof), the cost of infrastructure, such as roads, water supply & drainage, decentralized sewage disposal, street lighting and horticulture within Rs. 180 million (US$ 4.5 million*). Total cost per unit of the scheme given by us was Rs. 44,000.00 (US$1100.00) per unit as opposed to Rs. 80,000 (US$ 2000) per unit by the PWD  (The cost estimated was in the year 1998. Value of 1 US$ is taken as 40.)

          • Costs as percentage of income: N.A

          • Financing: An amount of Rs 16 crore (US $ 3.2 million*) was sanctioned by the Ministry of Environment and deposited with the Slum & JJ Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi for the implementation of the project.

In addition to the above resources the beneficiary families were expected to contribute in terms of labour and material for providing the walling material of the dwelling units to complete the Skeletal Units proposed to be provided to them. The families were offered assistance in transporting the existing walling material form their current dwelling to the settlement site as a part of the scheme. Assistance was given in making permanently finished walling elements as already used in the pilot scheme.  (The cost estimated was in the year 1998. Value of 1 US$ is taken as 40.)

10) Effectiveness

          • Project outcomes: The pilot project proved effective so far in proving a policy of building on high land and utilizing cost effective construction technology. The stakeholders have become co-petitioners before the Supreme Court, pleading that this scheme be completed and allotted to them. But the MCD has spared no effort, to abort this project for the fear of exposure. On Dec7th 05, the hon. Chief Justice spent an entire day on this case and said that he was upset by the untruths that have been presented before him. As of now, after a long period of tireless struggle, though the next hearing was scheduled on the 25thAug 06, the crestfallen slum dwellers, have withdrawn the case, intending to fight for justice on the streets. They assert that they lost faith in the highest judicial system of the country.

          • Number of clients in past year: The Project received world wide recognition:Listed as a 'Good Practice' under the Best Practices of United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS)-Habitat, Nairobi. Recognition by EXPO-2000, Hannover. Finalists for 'World Habitat Awards' 2003

          • Percentage of clients that are poor or marginalized: N.A

          • Potential demand: We say it is greater than 5 million people because the largest single investment that a man makes in his lifetime is the home he builds. The solution tries to contribute to the “JOY OF LIVING”, which is the right of every citizen- in totality in a very human way. Anangpur Building Centre (where I live) or the Slums at Jaunapur have the same ideology but differs only in the scale. The requirement of today is an Appropriate Human Settlement Design at an affordable cost. With the identical logic applied for the Jaunapur Project we have worked out different solutions that are applicable to all economic levels in varied contexts with minor changes in the physical design. One on- going project, worth mentioning is the “Vedaville Sustainable Township” in Jamaica, over an area of 1200 acres. This project promises to be the largest sustainable development project in the world.

11) Scaling up strategy

          • Stage of the initiative: Scaling Up stage.

          • Expansion plan: With regard to the Jaunapur Slum Resettlement Project the people politicians, administrators and professionals are aware of what can be achieved. We continue with our process of developing planning strategies and technologies. Apart from doing various projects we are focusing our energy on knowledge dissemination through our compilation ‘Threads of Sustainability… the Woven Fabric’, which addresses issues relating to Sustainable Human Settlement Design comprehensively. We have also made video films and set up the websites, www.anangpur.com, www.anangpur.org, which have become a resource base for several students and organizations in India and abroad. ASHRA (Academy for Sustainable habitat research and action). is a programme designed to train future professionals, through IT as the medium, in the areas of appropriate building technologies and sustainable planning strategies.

12) Origin of the initiative: The Delhi government provided the land at Jaunapur and the Anangpur Building Centre planned the resettlement as a sustainable model for slum rehabilitation. Initially, the families were averse to being relocated. The engineers of the Slum Department were also resistant to the non- conventional approach to site development, building techniques and implementation system. The pilot scheme has been successfully built at a cost that is nearly half of that the government department had estimated. The dwelling units have been provided as skeletal structures built with waste stone and other resource efficient technologies to be completed by the owners on a self-help basis reusing walling materials from their erstwhile homes. In 1998 a large number of beneficiaries visited the pilot to protest against their relocation. Instead they were happy with the development and were keen to move in.

Contact Information:
Anil  Laul
CEO and Principal Architect
Anangpur Building Centre
(Entrepreneur Firm)
India
Website: www.anangpur.com, www.anangpur.org